Fig 1: Sub-clustering analysis of fibroblasts identifies major fibroblast subtypes in dermis.a t-SNE plot shows labeled fibroblasts which were merged from HC, DLE and SLE by Seurat packages. Fib1-4: Fibroblast subtype 1–4; HLA+ Fib: HLA+ Fibroblast; CXCL1+ Fib: CXCL1+ Fibroblast. b A bar plot shows the sample compositions of fibroblasts subtypes. c A stacked violin plot shows selected gene expression used for identifying fibroblast subtypes. d A heatmap displays the top 10 differentially expressed genes in each subtype of fibroblasts. e, f Immunofluorescence staining represents the expression of CXCL1 (green) (e), HLA-DRB1(green) (f) and Vimentin (red) in the dermis of HC, DLE, and SLE. The immunofluorescence staining of Vimentin represents the cell type of fibroblasts. Scale bar: 100 µM. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. g A bubble diagram shows the Gene Ontology (GO) biological process (BP) terms of expanded fibroblast subtypes. h Trajectory plot shows pseudotime trajectory analysis of selected fibroblast subtypes. The arrow indicates the possible differentiation direction. i Heatmaps show gene clusters with the differentiation state that were predicted by pseudotime trajectory analysis. The arrow indicates the possible differentiation direction. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.